गंगेश उपाध्यायक तत्त्वचिन्तामणि

गंगेश उपाध्यायक तत्त्वचिन्तामणि चारि खण्डमे विभाजित अछि- १. प्रत्यक्ष (सोझाँ-सोझी), (२) अनुमान, (३) उपमान (तुलना केनाइ) आ (४) शब्द (मौखिक गवाही)। वैध ज्ञान प्राप्त करबाक ई चारिटा साधन ऐ चारि खण्डमे अछि।

खण्ड एक
प्रत्यक्ष

गङ्गेशक आह्वान: त्रिमूर्ति शिवक आह्वानसँ ई खण्ड शुरू होइत अछि।आ तेँ आह्वानक विषयपर चर्चा शुरू होइत अछि। ई मानल जाइत अछि जे कोनो परियोजनाक प्रारम्भमे भगवानक आह्वानसँ ई कार्य पूर्ण होइत अछि।

आपत्तिः जे कोनो आह्वान कोनो काज पूरा करबाक कारण अछि, से सकारात्मक बा नकारात्मक संगतिक माध्यम सँ स्थापित नै कएल जा सकैत अछि, किएक तँ एहनो भेल अछि जे कोनो आह्वानक बिना सेहो कोनो काज पूरा कएल गेल।
आपत्तिक उत्तर: एकर कारण ई अछि जे ई आह्वान पूर्व जन्ममे कयल गेल छल/ हएत।

आपत्तिः नै, ई तँ घुमघुमौआ तर्क अछि, आ ओनाहितो कोनो काज पूरा केना होइत अछि तकर अनुभवजन्य कारण सभ आह्वानकेँ अनावश्यक सिद्ध करैत अछि।
आपत्तिक उत्तर: ई प्रमाण जे आह्वान कार्य पूर्ण हेबाक कारण छै, तइमे दू चरणक अनुमान शामिल अछि। पहिल, ई जे ई शिष्ट लोक द्वारा निन्दित नै अछि वरन हुनका सभ द्वारा सेहो आह्वानसँ कार्य प्रारम्भ कएल जाइत अछि। तखन ई अनुमान लगाओल जा सकैत अछि जे काज पूरा भेनाइ फल अछि किएक तँ ई नियमित रूप सँ इच्छित अछि, आ आन कोनो फल उपलब्ध नै अछि।

आपत्ति: ई तर्क काज नै करत कारण ई पहिनेसँ ज्ञात अछि जे आह्वानक अछैतो काज पूर्ण भऽ सकैत अछि, कारण-सम्बन्ध कोनो तर्कसँ स्थापित नै कएल जा सकैत अछि।
आपत्तिक उत्तर: हम सभ ऐ तर्क (जे आह्वान कार्य पूर्ण करबैत अछि) क समर्थन लेल वैदिक आदेशक आह्वान करैत छी। मुदा कोनो एहन वैदिक कथन नै भेटैत अछि। से अनुमान कएल जा सकैत अछि जे ऐ तरहक आह्वान सुसंस्कृत लोक सभ द्वारा शुरू कएल गेल आ कएल जाइत अछि।

प्रार्थना देह (जेना प्रणाम), वाणी (गायन) आ मस्तिष्क (ध्यान) सँ होइत अछि। मुदा कोनो ईश्वरमे विश्वास केनिहार सेहो कार्य सम्पन्न कऽ लैत अछि, तँ की ओ पूर्व जन्ममे आह्वान/ प्रार्थना  केने हएत? आ आह्वानक बादो कखनो काल कार्य सम्पन्न नै होइत अछि, से की ढेर रास बाधा ओइ साधारण आह्वानसँ दूर नै भेल हएत?

ऐ तरहक तर्कसँ प्रारम्भ भेल छल ई ग्रन्थ, ७-८ सय बर्ख पहिने!

Genealogical records kept in Mithila suggest that he had a wife and three sons and a daughter. One child was the famous Nyaya author, Vardhamana. Gangesa apparently achieved quite some fame during his lifetime, referred to as "jagad-guru," which would be the rough equivalent of "Distinguished University Professor" for the educational institutions of his time.

[Phillips, Stephen, "Gangesa", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/gangesa/ ]

"Gangesha Upadhyaya was the Jagadguru (Universal Teacher), but he was also the Paramguru (Supreme Teacher). Aside from him, the title of Paramguru was only later conferred upon Nutan Vachaspati (the successor of Vriddha Vachaspati).

However, the injustice done to Gangesha by Ramanath Jha and Udaynath Jha 'Ashok' occurred in the 20th and 21st centuries, the adverse consequences of which logicians like Stephen Phillips were cursed to endure.

It should be noted here that Stephen Phillips is the first person to have completed a full English translation of all four volumes of the Tattvachintamani."

[Jewel of Reflection on the Truth about Epistemology: A Complete and Annotated Translation of the Tattva-cinta-mani, Bloomsbury Academic (2020)]।

"V.P. Bhatta has also completed the full translation of all four volumes of the Tattvachintamani as of 2025: [(1) Pratyaksha (Perception), (2) Anumana (Inference), (3) Upamana (Comparison), and (4) Shabda (Verbal Testimony/Word)]."[Word The Sabdakhanda of Tattva Cintamani (2 Vols Set) 2005; Perception The Pratyaksa Khanda of The Tattva Cintamani 2012 (2 Vols Set); Inference the Anumana Khanda of the Tattva Cintamani (2 Vols Set) 2021 & Inference of God and Comparison The Isvaranumana and The Upamana Khanda of The Tattva Cintamani (2 Vols Set) 2025 [by V. P. Bhatta with Introduction, Sanskrit Text, Translation And Explanation;  Published by Eastern Book Linkers, Delhi].

HONOUR KILLING OF GANGESH UPADHYAYA (FIRST BY RAMANATH JHA, THEN BY UDAYANATH JHA 'ASHOK' (A PARALLEL HISTORY OF MITHILA AND MAITHILI LITERATURE, WHY TODAY ITS NEED BEING FELT MORE INTENSELY?)

I was not surprised, though I must have been when I saw a monograph on Gangesh Upadhyaya, whose copyright is being held by Sahitya Akademi, the author of the monograph is Udayanath Jha ' Ashok'. I thought that Udayanath Jha ' Ashok', who has been given Bhasha Samman also, by the same Sahitya Akademi, would do some justice. But truth and research seem elusive in Sahitya Akademi monographs, at least that I found in this monograph.

I searched and searched through chapters, that now the author will show courage. But the author like Ramanath Jha seems ashamed of the roots and offspring of Gangesh Upadhyaya. He tries to confuse the issue, but there is no confusion now at least since 2009. But in 2016 Sahitya Akademi seems to carry out the casteist agenda. Udayanath Jha mockingly pretends to search his name, lineage etc, where nothing is there to search for, yet he could not muster the courage, to tell the truth, and ends up just repeating the facts in 2016 that Dineshchandra Bhattacharya already has published way back in 1958.

The honour killing of Gangesh Upadhyaya by Prof. Ramanath Jha is being taken forward by Sahitya Akademi, Delhi in a most hypocritical way.

Ramanath Jha's obscurantism vis-a-vis Panji is evident from one example. The inter-caste marriage in Panji was well known to him (but he chose to keep the Dooshan Panji secret- which has been released by us in 2009), and it was apparent that the great navya-nyaya philosopher Gangesh Upadhyaya married a "Charmkarini" and was born five years after the death of his father (see our Panji Books Vol I & II available at http://videha.co.in/pothi.htm ). Sh. Dinesh Chandra Bhattacharya writes in the "History of Navya-Nyaya in Mithila". (1958)

"The family which was inferior in social status is now extinct in Mithila----- Gangesha's family is completely ignored and we are not expected to know even his father's name-----...As there is no other reference to Gangesa we can assume that the family dwindled into insignificance again and became extinct soon after his son's death." [1958, Chapter III pages 96-99), which is a total falsehood. He writes further that all this information was given to him by Prof. R. Jha, and he seemed thankful to him.

The following excerpt from Our Panji Prabandh (parts I&II) is being reproduced below for ready reference:

 -

"Maharaja Harasimhadeva belonged to the Karnat dynasty of Mithila. In Jyotirishwar Thakur�s Varna-Ratnakara, Harasimhadeva was portrayed as the hero or king. Born in 1294 AD, he ascended the throne in 1307 AD. Following his defeat by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in 1324�25 AD, he fled to Nepal.

He was the official founder of the Panji-Prabandha (the genealogical record system) among the Brahmins, Kayasthas, and Kshatriyas of Mithila. For this purpose, Gunakar Jha for the Maithil Brahmins, Shankardatt for the Karna Kayasthas, and Vijaydatt for the Kshatriyas were the first to be appointed.

Inspired by Harasimhadeva�who was a descendant of Nanyadeva, the founder of the Karnat dynasty in 1019 Shaka (as noted in the verse Nanda-Indu-Shunya-Shashi Shaka Varshe i.e., 1019 Shaka)�the scholars of Mithila decided to initiate the current form of the Panji-Prabandha in 1248 Shaka (1326 AD).

Later, in the current era, some intellectually driven individuals influenced Mithilesh Maharaja Madhav Singh in 1760 AD to order the Panjikars (genealogists) to compile the Shakha Pustaks (branch books). Following this (sometimes described as 1600 Shaka or 1678 AD, but actually around 1800 AD after Madhav Singh's time), a new Brahmin sub-caste named Shrotriya emerged in Mithila."

So, the Srotriyas as a sub-caste arose around 1800 CE as per authentic panji files. Sh. Anshuman Pandey [Gajendra Thakur of New Delhi provided me with digitized copies of the genealogical records of the Maithil Brahmins. The panjikara-s whose families have maintained these records for generations are often reluctant to allow others to pursue their records. It is a matter of 'intellectual property' to them. I was fortunate enough to receive a complete digitized set of panji records from Gajendra Thakur of New Delhi in 2007. [Recasting the Brahmin in Medieval Mithila: Origins of Caste Identity among the Maithil Brahmins of North Bihar by Anshuman Pandey, A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2014].

Later these Panji Manuscripts were uploaded to Videha Pothi at www.videha.co.in and google books in 2009).

The so-called Maharajas of Darbhanga were permanent settlement zamindars of Cornwallis, and there were so many in British India, but in Nepal there were none. In the annexure of our book (Panji Prabandh vol I&II), we have attached copies of genealogy-based upgradation orders (proof of upgradation for cash). So, before 1800   CE, there was no shrotriya sub-caste in British India and there is no such sub-caste within Maithil Brahmins in Nepal part of Mithila even today. Shrotriya before that referred to "some vedic education stream" in British India, in Nepal it still has that meaning.

ORIGINAL PANJI REFERENCES ARE PLACED BELOW:

DOOSHAN PANJI- THE BLACKBOOK [https://ia601402.us.archive.org/31/items/maithili_202209/Gajendra_Thakur_Dooshan_Panji_The_Black_Book.pdf]

1

Table (1-97) of the Dooshan Panji, The Black Book by Gajendra Thakur;2023] Explanation of Example 1:

"Gunawati Himsha [Gunawati Himsha in Dooshan (impure secret book) Panji (geneology book)] belonged to a different caste (Aan Jatik); her marriage took place with Chamaru of the Valiyasa Mool, and from this union, a son named Gangadhar was born. His daughter was married to Nathu of the Sarisav Mool, and they had a son named Visho. Furthermore, Visho�s daughter married Gangu of the Sakaradhi Mool, resulting in a son named Goge.

Goge�s daughter married Kanhu of the Panichobh Mool, and they had a son named Rud (Rudra). Rud�s daughter married Helu of the Darihara Mool, and they had a son named Chand. Chand�s daughter married Horai of the Pali Mool, resulting in a son named Ram�though the maternal details (Matrik) of Ram are unknown.

The offspring (daughter) of Ram then married Chand of the Narwal Mool. Their son, Devadhar, became completely pure (Purnatah Shuddha) in the sixth generation."

49

50

This text is a significant genealogical record from the Maithil Brahmin Panji (ancient scrolls) concerning the family of Gangesha Upadhyaya, the founder of the Navya-Nyaya (New Logic) school of Indian philosophy.

"Record 21//10: From the Chhadan Mool (lineage) comes Jagadguru Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani.

From the Chhadan root, the wife (Vallabha) of Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani, was Charmakarini. It is recorded that Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani, was born five years after the passing of his father (Pitri Parokshe Panch Varsh Vyatite); he was the offspring of the lineage connected with Charmakarini Medha.

From the Chhadan root, Mahamahopadhyaya (M.M.) Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani.

'Information regarding Mahamahopadhyaya (M.M.) Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani, is available from the Ancient Panji.'"

"Gangesha was born five years after the passing (absence) of his father�this is an ancient scribal note found in some places."["Pitri parokshe panch varsh vyatite Gangeshotpattiḥ iti prāchīn lekhaniyaḥ kutrāpi"- In Dooshan (impure secret) Panji]

Devānand Pa�jī 39-2: "Chhādan-sa� Jagadguru Guru Gaṅgeś sutāy Babhaniyām-sa� Jayāditya sut Sādhukar patnī."

Devānand Pa�jī 339-3: "Jagadguru Gaṅgeś sut Supan dau Bhaṇḍārisam-sa� Harāditya dau. Putra sutā-cha Gorā Jajivāl sa� Jīve patnī e sut Sandagahi Bhaveśvar. Atrāsthāne Supan-bhrātṛ Hariśarmma dāriti kvachit Jajivāl grām."

"Chhādan-sa� Tattva Chintāmaṇi kāraka Gaṅgeśak Vallabhā Charmakāriṇī pitṛ parokṣe pa�ca varṣa vyatīte Tattva Chintāmaṇi kāraka Gaṅgeśotpatti"["Charmakāriṇī Medhāk santānak lāgime chalanhi"]

"Tattva Chintāmaṇi kāraka Ma. Ma. Pā. Gaṅgeśak viṣayak lekh prāchīn pa�jī-sa� upalabdh"

Devānand Pa�jī 339-3: "Devānand Pa�jī 339-3 Jagadguru Gaṅgeś sut Supan dau Bhaṇḍārisam-sa� Harāditya dau. Putra sutā-cha Gorā Jajivāl-sa� Jīve patnī e sut Sandagahi Bhaveśvar. Atrāsthāne Supan-bhrātṛ Hariśarmma dāriti kvachit Jajivāl grām."

Devānand Pa�jī 30-5: "Devānand Pa�jī 30-5 Chhādan-sa� Upāyakāraka Ma.Ma. Pā. Varddhamān sutā-cha Khaṇḍavalā-sa� Viśvanāth sut Śivanāth patnī Gaṅgeś�Ma.Ma. Varddvamān / Supan / Hariśarmma."

"Record 21//10: Jagadguru Gangesha, the author of Tattvachintamani, from the Chhadan lineage."

"Mahaprabhu. Gangesha Upadhyaya�Chhadan (Mool), Chhadan (Gram). Udayanacharya�Nanautivar (Mool), Nanauti (Gram) [Kariyan, Samastipur]."

"Jajivāl-sa� Sandagahi Bhaveśvar Chhādan-sa� Tattva Chintāmaṇi kāraka Gaṅgeś sut Supan dau Jallakī-sa� Sādā Mahidhar 341."

Gangesh, the author of the Tattvachintamani, wrote one text equivalent to 12,000 texts. Now come to the fact mentioned in the Panji- it clearly states that Gangesh of Tattvachintamani was born five years after the death of his father and he married a tanner, so why did Ramanath Jha hide this from Dinesh Chandra Bhattacharya? Vardhamana, son of Gangesh, calls Gangesh sukavikairavakananenduh. But the conspiracy under which the poems of a famous scholar like Gangesh are not available today is clear from the example given above. Vasudev of Bengal was a classmate of Pakshadhar Mishra of Mithila, he came to study in Mithila, passed the shalaka examination and received the title of sarvabhaum. Vasudeva memorised the tattvachintamani of Gangesh and the nyayakusumanjali karika of Udayana. Pakshadhar and other Mithila teachers did not allow writing (copying) tattvachintamani. Raghunath Shiromani, a disciple of Vasudeva, took the right of certification after he defeated his guru Pakshadhar Mishra in a scriptural debate (shastrartha). The Navya Nyaya school was founded in Navadvipa by Vasudeva-Raghunath. Pakshadhar Mishra was a contemporary of Vidyapati (distinct from the Padavali writer who was of the pre-Jyotirishwar period) who wrote in Sanskrit and Avahatta. And the arrival of Mithila students of Bengal from Bengal stopped after Raghunath Shiromani. Gangesh Upadhyaya enjoyed 'param guru' as well as 'jagad guru' titles, the highest titles of the time and as per Panji only Vacaspati Mishra II was the other person who enjoyed the title of 'param guru'. The extinction of Navya-Nyaya School from Mithila, as described above, was a revenge of nature against the honour killing of Gangesh Upadhyaya and his family.

[Translation of the Maithili Short Story, 'Shabdashastram' (based on the true Panji records of Gangesh Upadhyaya) was done by the author Gajendra Thakur himself: published as 'The Science of Words'  Indian Literature Vol. 58, No. 2 (280) (March/April 2014), pp. 78-93 (16 pages) Published By: Sahitya Akademi]

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